Surface: 110.922 km²
Population: 10.793.000 inhabitants
Density of population: 97 inhabitants/km²
Capital: Havana (2.096.000 inhabitants)
Official language: Spanish
Official currency: Peso
Exported products: cereals, sugar cane, potatoes, tobacco, olives, grapes
Brut Intern Product: 950 $/inhabitant
State type: Republic
Geographical Characteristics :
Cuba is an island situated in Great Antilles Archipelago near Central America, between Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. It has a total length of 1.225 km and a maximum width of 200km and a minimum of 35 km. 75% of the country’s surface is represented by a calcareous plain with calcareous mountains in the North-West, Sierra de los Organos and Sierra Rosano and crystalline mountains in the east
with hard rocks: Sierra Maestra with Pico Turquino Peak, 2.560 m and Sierra de Cristal. The coast region is fragmentized and flanked by a lot of little islands. The rivers have great debits and are short.
Climate :
The climate is a tropical and subtropical one. The medium temperatures are 23°C per year and the rainfall is 150-200 cm per year. The tropical cyclones are not rare and are very violent with a lot of damages. The vegetation is tropical and savannah and is the mountains regions there are a lot of precious trees.
Population and Cities :
The capital of the country is Havana and has more than 2 millions inhabitants. The country has 10.793.000 inhabitants. The birth rate is 16.2‰ and the death rate is 6.6‰. 75% of the population lives in cities. The most important cities are: Santiago de Cuba (405.000 inhabitants), Camaguey (284.000 inhabitants), Holguin (228.000 inhabitants), Guantanamo (200.000 inhabitants) and Santa Clara (194.000 inhabitants). 70% of the population is white people and the rest are Métis, Creole (17%) and Negro (12%). 80% of the people is concentrated in north-western half and in the other half is populated in the square Manzanillo - Holguin - Guantanamo - Santiago de Cuba. The main religions are Catholicism (80%) and Protestantism (3%), but after some surveys 50% of the population hasn’t any cult.
State :
Cuba is a socialist republic after the Constitution voted on the 24th of February 1976. The legislative activity is exercised by the National Assembly of the Popular Power, and between its sessions by the State Council and the executive power belongs to Ministries Council leaded by the president of the State Council. The only political party is the Communist Party founded in 1961. The president of the country and of the State Council is Fidel Castro Ruz from 2nd of December 1976.
Economy :
The economy of Cuba is a socialistic one based on agriculture where 25% of the active population works. The main cultivated plant is sugar cane which occupies 1.35 millions ha, over 40% of the country’s surface. Cuba is the third producer of sugar, the first as production per inhabitant and the first country as exports in the world: they export only in Russia more than 5 millions tones annually. They grow especially cows and this occupation is relatively developed. They have important deposits of nickel (4th place in the world), chrome, magnum and copper. The traditional industries are the sugar and the tobacco’s industry but near them it started to develop the metals, chemical and textiles industries. The main economical partner is Russia with over 60% of the exports and the main exported produces are the sugar and the tobacco.
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