Surface: 1.138.914 km²
Population: 33.613.000 inhabitants
Density of population: 29 inhabitants/km²
Capital: Bogotá (4.820.000 inhabitants)
Official language: Spanish
Official currency: Peso Columbiano
Exported products: pit coal, emeralds, bananas, coffee
Brut Intern Product: 1.260 $/inhabitant
State type: Presidential Republic
Geographical Characteristics :
The country is situated in the north-west of South America and has access at the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The country has two elements of relief: the Andes Mountains in west with some narrow coast plains dominated in north by Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Mountain with a maximum height of 5.775 m and the big oriental plain crossed by Amazon’s tributaries and Orinoco’s tribut
aries. The Andes are fragmented by tectonic valleys in three cordilleras with active volcanoes (7 of them are still active) and plateaus.
Vegetation and Fauna :
The oriental plain is the domain of equatorial forests and savannas (“Ilanos”). The falling waters have big debits and a high energetic potential (100.000 MW). The fauna is extremely various. There live monkeys, pumas, jaguars, snakes, 1.500 bird species and many others.
Population and Cities :
The capital of the country is Bogotá and has 4.820.000 inhabitants. The country has 33.613.000 inhabitants. The birth rate is 27.4‰ and the death rate is 6.1‰. 70% of the population lives in cities. The most important cities are: Medellin (1.639.000 inhabitants), Cali (1.637.000 inhabitants), Barranquilla (1.029.000 inhabitants) and Cartagena (650.000 inhabitants). 48% of the people are Métis, 24% are Mulattos, 20% are white, 6% are Negro and 2% are Amerindians. Population is concentrated in the high plateaus of Andes and in the coast plain in north. In the oriental plain live few people (less than 2%). The most important religion is Catholicism (98%).
State :
The country is a presidential republic according to the Constitution in 1991. The legislative activity is exerted by the President and the National Council, which is formed of the Senate and Representants Room, and the executive by a cabinet leaded and chosen by the President. The political parties are: the Liberal Party, the Social Conservator Columbian Party, the new Democrat Force, the Democratic Alliance, The Movement for National Salvation, the Christian National Party and the Patriotic Union.
Economy :
The country has developed very much and its most important economic advantages are extracting industry and agriculture. The country has the richest resources of pit coal in South America and important reserves of petroleum, precious stones and natural gases. Agriculture is specialized in cultivating coffee, bananas, cocoa and sugar cane. People also grow cows in the oriental plain. The processing industry is various and is present in the large cities. Hydro-energy assures 70% of the electric energy. The coca cultures, coca is the plant from where cocaine is extracted, brings important incomes even though it is illegal.
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General Facts :