Surface: 9.596.960 km²
Population: 1.160.017.000 inhabitants
Density of population: 121 inhabitants/km²
Capital: Beijing (10.919.000 inhabitants)
Official language: Chinese
Official currency: Yuan
Exported products: pit coal, iron ores, petroleum, tungsten, salt, textiles, toys, grain, rice
Brut Intern Product: 370 millions $
State type: Republic
Geographical Characteristics
The country is situated in the east of Asia and because of its dimensions the relief is various. The east of the country has a hill and plain relief and the west has long mountainous chains, plateaus and semi-desert zones. In the eastern side is evidenced the Great Chinese Plain drained by Huanghe River and Huaihe River. It is covered with loess. In the center of the country the plateaus and mountain
s are drained by Changjiang River. In the western area there are sectors of Himalaya Mountains, which include the highest altitude on Earth in Chomolungma Peak 8.848 m, Tian Shan Mountains with a maximum altitude of 6.995 m and Karakorum Mountains with K2 Peak 8.611 m. There also is the Tibet Plateau with a medium altitude of 5.000 m and a surface of 2 million km² and the Kashgaria zones with Takli Makan Desert and Jungaria. The hydrographic network has 1.600 big and medium rivers. The energetic potential is 580.000 MW. The most known rivers are: Huanghe (4.845 km), Changjiang (6.300 km, the longest in Asia), Amur (in NE) and Xijiang (1.800 km).
Climate, Vegetation and Faun
The clime is temperate, with monsoons in the north of Tzinlin-Huai Mountains, cold winters in north, excessive temperate-continental in Western China and arid in west with rainfall of 50 mm per year in Takli Makan. In the south of Tzinlin-Huan Mountains the climate is tropical-monsoon. In the coast regions there are typhoons frequently. The forestry vegetation occupies less than 15% of the territory, the mountains, plateaus and plains in west are almost without forests. The faun is various and includes 400 species of big animals and 1.500 species of fishes. The country has over 140 national parks which protect the rare animals and plants. One of the protected animals is the giant panda bear.
Population and Cities
The capital of the country is Beijing and has 10.919.000 inhabitants. The country has 1.160.017.000 inhabitants. The birth rate is 21.2% and the death rate is 6.7%. Only 26% of the population lives in cities. The most important cities are: Shanghai (7.8 million inhabitants), Tianjin (5.7 million inhabitants), Shenyang (5.4 million inhabitants), Wuhan (3.7 million inhabitants), Canton (3.5 million inhabitants), Harbin (2.8 million inhabitants), Jinan (2.3 million inhabitants) and Qingdao (2 million inhabitants). 92% of the people are Chinese, over 90 million inhabitants belong to 55 nations and 19 of them have over 1 million persons: Zhuang (15 millions), Manchou (9 millions), Hui (9 millions), Miao (7 millions), Yi (7 millions), Tujia (6 millions), Mongols (5 millions) and Tibetans (5 millions). The population is concentrated in the eastern side of the country, in the Great Chinese Plain, where the density of population is sometimes over 1.000 inhabitants/kmž. The population is rarer in the interior regions. The most important religions are: Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islamism and Catholicism.
State
The country is a parliamentary republic according to the Constitution in 1993. The legislative activity is exerted by the National Congress of People and the executive by the State Council. Some of the political parties are: the Chinese Communist Party and the United Patriotic Front.
Economy
The economy of the country is developed and modern. It is one of the most important producers of pit coal, iron ores, petroleum, tungsten and salt. The coal is exploited in the great basins of Kailuan, Tatun, Fushun and Fushin and is used for internal needs. The petroleum is exploited in Daking basin and is exported especially in Japan. The industries are very developed and some of them are: petroleum, electric, textile, toys. The economic markets are in Shenzen, Pudong and Zhuhai. 60% of the population works in agriculture. They cultivate: cereals, rice, cotton, tobacco, tea, sugarcane, potatoes and soy. They also grow pigs, sheep and horses.only 10% of the country's surface is cultivated.
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Surface: 9.596.960 km²